[9] There was a belief that this had led to the emperor issuing a decree forbidding the persecution of the Christians, but this seems to have been based on a forgery. There are also shrines to the gods Neptune and Janus, though Neptune isn't respected in the Roman culture and is considered bad luck. Legio XII Fulminata: one of the Roman legions. This suggests that this Twelfth Legion was created by the emperor . Instead, the soldiers had badges showing a thunderbolt. (Annals 15.10). The youngest, a mere boy called Melito, was the last to die. Although an independent kingdom, it had been ruled by a Roman appointee since the time of Mark Antony (83-30 BCE) and later Augustus (r. 27 BCE to 14 CE) until he was deposed by Emperor Tiberius (14-37 CE) in 17 CE when the region became a Roman province. In 20 BCE, Augustus' stepson (and later successor) employed these units to impress the Parthians. Gallic Wars until 49 BC. They were frozen to death in a lake. Mikhail Bulgakov's book Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1988/legions-of-mesopotamia-cappadocia--arabia/. The legion was probably in Armenia during Trajan's campaign of 114 AD, that ended with the annexation of the Kingdom of Armenia. It is known that the XII Fulminata was under the command of Odaenathus, ruler of the Palmyrene Empire, but also that Emperor Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena.After these episodes, the records of the Fulminata are scarce. Flavianus Arrianus , governor of Cappadocia, repelled the invasion of Lower Armenia with the 15th and XII Fulminata. aquila, Choose from multiple sizes and hundreds of frame and mat options. All rights reserved. [10]. The ancient territory of Mesopotamia lies between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the old Fertile Crescent. Emperor Valerian moved against Shapur, but was defeated and captured. Roman gods, and set up Camp Jupiter in California as a base for Roman demigods. An inscription presumably from this period has been found in modern-day Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the Parthian Empire. Both legions were defeated by the Create your own unique website with customizable templates. The Twelfth, which probably took part to these campaigns, is recorded guarding the frontier of the Euphrates in Melitene, at the beginning of the 5th century (Notitia Dignitatum). . In 62, IV Scythica and XII Fulminata, commanded by the new legate of Cappadocia, Lucius Caesennius Paetus, were defeated by the Parthians and Armenians at the battle of Rhandeia and forced to surrender. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Tacitus wrote of the mutiny: Their only relief from misery was to quit an ill-omened and polluted camp and to betake themselves again every one to his winter-quarters. The Twelfth legion, as it is perhaps better known, fought in the Battle against the Nervians, and probably also in the Siege of Alesia. The rebel Judean forces headed by Simon Bar Giora, Eleazar ben Simon and other rebel generals succeeded in inflicting a humiliating defeat, killing some 6,000 Roman troops and capturing Legion's aquila, with much of the Roman Army fleeing in disarray from the battle field. , , 1992; page 31, The episode reported by Cassius Dio refers of the presence of an Egyptian mage, Harnuphis, who evoked Mercury, obtaining the rain shower. During this campaign, the legion called XII Fulminata (the "Thundering Legion") was surrounded by the Quadi and almost forced into surrender because it had no water. Caucasus, where Emperor Legio XII was one of two that he created in Italy to assist in his war against the Helvetii. The Twelfth Legion was active throughout Trajan's Dacian Wars, having been noted for gallantry in the battle for Adamclisi. There were only 8 people in Noahs Ark. 4. [3] Such had been the standard Roman reaction to uprisings at the time. LEGIO XII FULMINATA "Thunderbolt Armed" most likely had its origins in the 12th Legion founded by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and was reconstituted in 44-43 BC. Although he had successfully annexed both, another Jewish uprising, declining troop morale, and illness forced him to withdraw. Pertinax, 193, XII Fulminata supported the governor of Emperor Nero ordered Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, the new legatus of Cappadocia, to manage the matter, and Corbulo brought the IV Scythica from Moesia, and with III Gallica and VI Ferrata defeated the Parthians, restoring Tigranes VI to the Armenian throne. License. Octavian's 15th legion was possibly reconstituted from Caesar's old legion. The Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (in modern-day Turkey) were soldiers in the Roman 12th Legion called Fulminata, The Lightning or Thundering Legion. Some believe the Legion was given that name by Marcus Aurelius after he experienced the miraculous rain event in c. 169. Historian Stephen Dando-Collins in his Legions of Rome contends that, after the fall of Singara, most of the men of I Parthica and I Flavia were captured and led away in chains to become slaves; however, some evidence shows that I Parthica was still in existence in the 4th century CE at Constantia. In 75 AD, XII Fulminata was in Caucasus, where Emperor Vespasian had sent the legion to support the allied kingdoms of Iberia and Albania. Caiaphas. Here you will find pieces featuring Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion. Although some historians contend the legionaries were recruited in Macedonia and Thrace, others believe they were recruited in the East. Cappadocia, to manage the matter. Our puzzles are made from premium paper stock and include a semi-gloss coating on the top surface to make the image pop. Pescennius Niger, who was in the end defeated by Emperor In 175, we find the Twelft again in Melitene. IV Scythica from However, under the emperor Odaenathus of Palmyra (261-267), who organized an empire of his own, the Romans restored their fortunes. It was then recovered by Percy Jackson. The Persians moved on to Bezabde, guarded by the Roman legions II Parthica, II Flavia, and II Armenia. King T/F, 3. However, when disaster seemed inevitable, a heavy shower relieved the Romans. The Imperial. Dando-Collins wrote that Jovian surrendered five provinces in Mesopotamia and southern Armenia to Shapur and relinquished 15 fortresses, including Nisibis and Singara. Submitted by Donald L. Wasson, published on 19 April 2022. However, XII Fulminata fought well in the last part of the war, and supported its commander From his eastern Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion iPhone Case Designed and sold by Serge Averbukh $63.26 Model Case Style Soft Case Add to cart Delivery Express by February 20 Standard between February 20 Not soon enough? This was not a very honorable position, and may have been a punishment for its behavior during the civil war. Valerian moved against Shapur, but was defeated and captured. They returned the eagle standards they had obtained at Carrhae in 53 BCE. XII Fulminata sided with Pescennius Niger, the governor who Syria who proclaimed himself emperor. At the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE, the III Cyrenaica (emblem: Jupiter? Shapur I conquered the base of the XV Apollinaris, Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. There is some evidence it was with Gallienus and his campaign against the Alemanni in 258 CE. Its name indicates it was raised by Antony in Cyrenaica in Northern Africa. This page was created in 2002; last modified on 16 April 2020. Evgeni I. Paunov & Margaret M. Roxan, "The Earliest Extant Diploma of Thrace, A.D. 114 (= RMD I 14)", Zeitschrift fr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, "Un fidle de Caracalla: Q. Marcius Dioga", Les carrires snatoriales dans les provinces romaines d'Anatolie au Haut-Empire (31 av. [2][3] Among the facts that strengthen this hypothesis are the military-topoghraphical map of Caucasus published in 1903 by Russian Administration which spells name of town as "Romana"; various Roman artefacts found in Absheron region and also old inhabitants' referring to the town as Romani. After these episodes, the records of the Fulminata are scarce. In 75 AD, the XII Fulminata was in the Caucasus, where Emperor Vespasian had sent the legion to support the allied kingdoms of Iberia and Albania. Some historians argue that the actual settlement of Ramana near Baku was possibly founded by the Roman troops of Lucius Julius Maximus from Legio XII Fulminata in circa 84-96 AD[2] and derives its name from the Latin Romana. In 135 CE, at the end of the Second Jewish Revolt, warriors from the Alans and Sarmatians seized the opportunity and went on the march. Quadi, a people inhabiting an area in modern-day In 175 CE, the legion participated in Emperor Marcus Aurelius' (r. 161-180 CE) Danubian Wars and remained loyal to the emperor during the Avidius Cassius' revolt. Sources claim the legion participated in the suppression of the Bar-Kochba Revolt of 132-135 CE and later supported Septimius Severus against the claimant Pescennius Niger in 193 CE. He summoned the 12th legion and then was discovered the numerical feebleness of the source from which he had hoped for the repute of an augmented army. In 62 AD, the XII Fulminata joined the IV Scythica, now commanded by the new Legate of Cappadocia, Lucius Caesennius Paetus. The At the end of the war, XII Fulminata and XVI Flavia Firma were sent to guard the Euphrates border, camping at Melitene. In 14 CE, the 15th, along with L.egio VIII Augusta and Legio IX Hispana staged a revolt, later to be suppressed by Tiberius' son Drusus (14 BCE to 23 CE). World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. ; birth sign: Capricorn?) The legion was probably in English. After Vespasian was acclaimed emperor, cohorts of the legion supported the Roman commander Macrinus in his march into Italy. The Judean victory led to the establishment of the Judean self-governorship in Judea and Galilee, with some of the figure heads of the battle taking leading roles in the governance. The defeat caused the partial collapse of the Empire, with the secessionistic Gallic Empire in the West and Palmyrene Empire in the East. During a hot summer (in 172 or 174), the legion had become surrounded by enemies on a place where no water was to be found. In Rick Riordan's book, The Son of Neptune, the Twelfth Legion went to America after the fall of Rome following the Roman gods as they move Mt. The meaning in Hebrew of the word day always means a 24 hour period of time. More posts you may like r/history Tigris, the Twelfth stayed in the reserve, possibly as a punishment for its support of Severus' rival. After his failed assault on Hatra, Severus left the two legions to garrison Mesopotamia. The Twelfth probably participated in the Armenian campaign of the emperor Trajan (114), which culminated in the annexation of this kingdom. The Twelfth probably fought in the After having served as one of the legions of the Parthian Wars in Trajan's campaign of 113 -114 CE, by 140 CE, it was based permanently at Bostra. Humiliation was added to the disgrace: the legion lost its eagle standard. The legion's emblem was a His successor, Hadrian (r. 117-138 CE), made peace with the Parthians and left the provinces in the hands of client kings. Legio XII Fulminata and Legio XV Apollinaris were placed in Cappadocia by Vespasian (r. 69-79 CE). This war culminated in the latter's defeat in the battle of Philippi (42). Adding V Macedonica and XV Apollinaris to his own legions, Corbulo was able to renegotiate a new treaty from a position of strength: Parthia would withdraw from Armenia. Jonah was in the belly of the whale 4 days. The protests were ignored by the governor until public attacks in Jerusalem on Roman citizens and others accused of having Roman sympathies, led the army garrison to intervene. The Testimonium Flavianum Question (My Two Cents), The Bible is Accurate Manuscript Evidence, Sayings From the Bible in the 21st Century, Colors & Dyes For Clothing in Ancient Rome, Thanksgiving: First Foods, First Friends1620, Ancient Ossuaries Uncover Biblical Truths. This page was created . Corbulo had served as the governor of both Cappadocia and Galatia. It is likely that XII Fulminata was among them, but we are not certain. After Caesar won the civil war, the legion was named Victrix, and enlisted in 43 BC by Lepidus and Mark Anthony. As they neared the pass of Beth Horon, they were ambushed and came under attack from massed missile fire and arrows. T. Flavius Vespasian in his successful bid for the imperial throne. Polyeuctes is a martyr under Valerian who was a soldier of the Twelfth. Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena. Dando-Collins claims it was annexed by Vespasian (r. 69-79 CE) in 71 CE, not by Tiberius. AboutPressCopyrightContact usCreatorsAdvertiseDevelopersTermsPrivacyPolicy & SafetyHow YouTube worksTest new. Legio XII Fulminata and Legio XV Apollinaris were placed in Cappadocia by Vespasian. The Twelfth fought at the Cappadocia, In the final phase of the war between the Jews and Romans, XII Fulminata regained its reputation for fighting bravely. Alternatively, it may have been created by Constantius II (r.337-361) as a substitute for XXII Primigenia, which had been destroyed in the Battle of Mursa in 351. Afterwards, the legion became part of Octavian's 28 standing legions and was placed under Cornelius Gallus who used it to subdue Egypt, later stationing it at Nicopolis with the XXII Deiotariana. It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. An inscription found near the shores of the Caspian Sea mentions the presence of a centurio of XII Fulminata named Lucius Julius Maximus. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Afterwards, the legion returned to Syria and was based at Raphanaea. , , 1992; page 31. The story of the Thundering Legion is in substance as follows: When the Emperor Marcus Aurelius led an expedition against the Quadi in 174, his army, exhausted by thirst, was on the point of falling an easy prey to the enemy. Previously stationed in Egypt, Legio III Cyrenaica was transferred to Arabia, replacing VI Ferrata. Mesopotamia was finally annexed by Emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193-211 CE) during his Parthian campaign of 198 CE. Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the Parthian Empire. Jesus sent out 70 Disciples to preach His Good News. The Twelfth was active throughout the span of the Roman Empire, notably during the Jewish Rebellion (in which it lost its eagle at the battle of Beth Horon in 66 A.D., but somehow recovered it so Michael Varus could lose it again in Alaska), the miraculous Siegeof Alesia (52 BC) and the Battle of Pharsalus (when Caesar defeated his rival Pompey the Great) in 48 BC, being last mentioned in historical records 500 A.D, presumably when they went underground. Its name means "victorious". Corbulo ordered Legion A.S. Hall, "The XII Fulminata: Countermarks, Emblems, and Movements under Trajan or Hadrian", in: S. Mitchell (ed. There is a strange story that the twelfth legion - or probably, a subunit - participated in the emperor Marcus Aurelius' war against Quadi. Under the wall of the town stood a pond that was frozen so hard that it would bear walking upon with safety. The remainder of the legion served on the march on Jerusalem. They were nicknamed Fulminata by Julius Caesar himself. Valerian who was a soldier of the Twelfth. Unfortunately for Paetus and his legions, the Parthian army surrounded the camp and began a siege. Polyeuctes is a martyr under Valerian who was a soldier of the Twelfth. Soon after his return, Gallus died (before the spring of 67 CE), and was succeeded in the governorship by Mucianus. was under the command of Lucius Pinarius Scarpus, an ally of Mark Antony. World History Encyclopedia. Legions of Rome: The Definitive History of Every Imperial Roman Legion, Legions of Mesopotamia, Cappadocia, & Arabia, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The legion was probably in Armenia during Trajan's campaign of 114 AD, that ended with the annexation of the Kingdom of Armenia. The Roman historian Suetonius (c. 69 to c. 130/140 CE) agrees with the date of Tiberius' annexation. This suggests that this Twelfth Legion was created by the emperor Constantius I Chlorus (r.293-306). I'll admit it, I was reading one of the Percy Jackson books when I came across the 12th Legion Fulminata. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. This cannot really be explained because during the reign of Gallienus, the Twelfth belonged to the Odaenathus' Palmyrene empire. All the names for our week days come from Roman and Norse/Anglo-Saxon gods. He is eager to pass knowledge on to his students. After the fall of Rome, the Twelfth was given secret orders by Jupiter himself to, in Hazel's words, "stay alive, recruit demigods and their children, keep Rome going." The fiction book Rome: The Eagle of the Twelfth by M.C. The Twelfth legion, as it is perhaps better known, fought in the Artaxata. ( Legio fulminata, or fulminea, not fulminatrix ). Some had to do with areas raised or where they fought, like Hispana or Parthica. Roman Education: Learning Through the Ages, Britannia: Roman Expansion through the Ages, Always There For You: Traveling Through the Ages, Classical Science and Medicine in Modern Film, http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/roman-army, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_XII_Fulminata, http://dansbullets.com/lightning-does-the, http://skepticism.org/timeline/august-history/7689-mark-antony, http://blogs.artinfo.com/secrethistoryofart/2012/07/27/what-really-killed-julius, http://www.behance.net/gallery/Legio-XII-Fulminata/3922803. Therefore, the name of the legion can be found in martyrologies, such as that of Polyeuctes, who was martyred in 259 during the persecution by the emperor Valerian. Zealot Last modified April 19, 2022. The Twelfth Legion was raised by Julius Caesar in 58 BC. With an aim of crushing the rebels and restoring order, Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, marched on Jerusalem with Legio XII Fulminata, 2000 legionaries selected from each of the other legions nearby, six cohorts of auxiliary infantry and four squadrons of cavalry. Sextus Julius AfricanusWhy Did The Magi Come ? Our premium-stock greeting cards are 5" x 7" in size and can be personalized with a custom message on the inside of the card. Nero ordered He used the twelfth legion in the fight against Helvetii in the Gallican Wars, as well as the invasion of Italy and the Battle of Pharsalus. The legion's eagle had been found by the Twelfth Legion and subsequently lost again in Alaska during the 1980s. 04 Mar 2023. Fearing the worst, the pro-Roman king Agrippa II and his sister Berenice fled Jerusalem to the Galilee. The region around Melitene was one of the first in which Christian faith spread. It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. : . In Rick Riordan's book The Son of Neptune, the Twelfth Legion went to America after the fall of Rome, following the Roman gods, and set up Camp Jupiter in California as a base for Roman demigods. The Twelfth Legion Fulminata or Legio XII Fulminata is the last remnant of the once powerful Roman military, and currently is stationed in San Francisco, California, maintaining a base near the city of New Rome. In the Forum in Rome is a small building called the Oratory of the Forty Martyrs. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Canvas Print by Serge Averbukh. [1] In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thundering Legion. Latin Romana. The region around Melitene was one of the first in which Christian faith spread. Cookie Notice By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. There is alsoTemple Hillcovered with temples to the Roman gods including Jupiter, Mars Ultor, Bellona, and Pluto. Scott is based on the legion during the Jewish rebellion. The legion was given many nicknames throughout its years of service, the most notable beingFulminata, or "bearing lightning", named so as the power of the legion's eagle standard came from Jupiter himself. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Framed Print by Serge Averbukh. The Twelfth legion, as it is perhaps better known, fought in the Battle against the Nervians, and probably also in the Siege of Alesia. Both legions were defeated by the Parthians and Armenians at the battle of Rhandeia; after surrendering, the legions were shamed and removed from this theater of war. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Battle of Beth Horon. Parthian campaign of Emperor 1. When its general Vespasian proclaimed itself emperor, it sided with him. J.-C. - 284 ap. Lepidus and After several days of siege, the walls of the city were breached, and Shapur entered. The Palmyrene Empire was reconquered by These markings constitute the most easterly evidence of Roman soldiers' movements. Azerbaijan which reads: IMP DOMITIANO CAESARE AVG GERMANIC, LVCIVS IVLIVS MAXIMVS CENTVRIO LEG XII FVL The equivalent of an entire legion was destroyed, with 6,000 troops killed, many wounded, and the rest fleeing in disarray. Marys Perpetual Virginity & Jesus Brothers, Why Pollen on the Shroud of Turin Proves it is Real, Christian Inscriptions in Roman Catacombs, Eruption Of Mt. Other legions in the eastern region were III Gallica, VI Ferrata, and X Fretensis. Ramana near The Romans could not get into formation within the narrow confines of the pass and lost cohesion under the fierce assault. Since legions of the Roman army during the time of Caesar were known by a number, not a name, there were often more legions with the same number; both Octavian and Mark Antony had a 12th legion. The Twelfth fought at the Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC), when Caesar defeated Pompey. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Map of the Roman-Parthian War, 61-63 CECplakidas (CC BY-SA), In 62 CE, Armenia was invaded by the Parthians. Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. J.-C. - 284 ap. This is the furthest eastern place a Roman soldier went. In his The Twelve Caesars, he wrote that Tiberius disciplined foreign kings who he suspected of ill-will towards Rome: "Among them were Maroboduus the German, Rhascuporis the Thracian and Archelaus the Cappadocian whose kingdom he reduced to a provincial status" (125). In 66, after a Zealot revolt had destroyed the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, the XII Fulminata, with vexillationes of IV Scythica and VI Ferrata, were sent to restore Roman authority. During the event, the Syrian Legion Legio XII Fulminata with auxiliary support headed by Legate of Syria Cestius Gallus was ambushed by a large force of Judean rebel infantry at the passage of Beth Horon, on their retreat from Jerusalem towards the coastal plane. An inscription presumably from this period has been found in modern-day Azerbaijan which reads: IMP DOMITIANO CAESARE AVG GERMANIC, LVCIVS IVLIVS MAXIMVS CENTVRIO LEG XII FVL Shows were legion was stationed. In 66, after a Zealot revolt had destroyed the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, the XII Fulminata, with vexillationes of IV Scythica and VI Ferrata, was sent to retaliate, but it was sent back by Gaius Cestius Gallus, legatus of Syria, when he saw that the legion was weak. Pontius Pilate mentions the Legion during his meeting with Gift Card Returns are free and easy Exchange or money back guarantee for all orders Learn more Legions got different names over time. After his failed assault on Hatra, Severus left the two legions to garrison Mesopotamia. Standard of the 12th Legion Fulminata - Vexillum of Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion Puzzle by Serge Averbukh. In 134, the threat of the Alans was subdued by the governor of Cappadocia, Arrian, who defeated the invaders with the aid of XII Fulminata and XV Apollinaris. Like other legions, the origin of XV Apollinaris (emblem: griffin; birth sign: Capricorn) is a mystery. Unfortunately, the legion had the misfortune to participate in two of Rome's major defeats: the over-confident Paetus' surrender in Armenia in 62 CE and Gallus' failed assault on Jerusalem. Slaves Were Lifeless Tools in Ancient Rome, The Exotic Animal Business in Ancient Rome. VI Ferrata defeated the However, when disaster seemed inevitable, a sudden torrential thunderstorm saved the Romans. In 244, the Romans again invaded Iraq, but their emperor Gordian III died and was succeeded by Philippus Arabs, who owed his throne to the Sasanians king Shapur I. Melitene was one of the regions where Christianity became popular at an early stage. It is known that the XII Fulminata was under the command of Odaenathus, ruler of the Palmyrene Empire, but also that Emperor Gallienus awarded the legion with the cognomen Galliena. Legio XII Fulminata , also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. Gallus succeeded in escaping with a fraction of his troops to Antioch by sacrificing the greater part of his army and a large amount of materiel.

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