DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.09.07.01 Corpus ID: 245609638; Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin @article{Li2021CharacteristicsOA, title={Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin}, author={Bo-wen Li and Qunshu Tang and Pin Yan and Junhui Yu and . The byproducts of volcanic and tectonic activity produce several notable geologic features, such as dikes, plutons, and laccoliths. Batholiths represent one interesting geologic formation created by magma cooling deep beneath the Earth's surface. 9. Years of research has proven that the formation of this geological feature often leads to change of rocks. Two well-known batholiths in North America include the Idaho Batholith and the Half Dome in Yosemite National Park. Plutons are intrusive igneous rocks which form below the Earth's surface. T - Definition & Explanation, What is a Plateau? This type of volcanic activity is called a 'fissure eruption'. These results establish strong similarities between the SRBIC, the only recorded example of a felsic laccolith in an oceanic intraplate setting, and many continental plutons emplaced in various geodynamic setting. [30], Possible laccoliths have also been identified on Mars, in western Arcadia Planitia. DOAJ 2023 default by all rights reserved unless otherwise specified. A laccolith is characterized by a dome-like shape as they are typically flat on the bottom and rounded or dome-shaped on the top. These features can range in width from several yards to approximately half a mile. The extensive intraplate seamounts are obvious features in the northern South China Sea (SCS). However, the distribution, volume, and origin of these seamounts are not well understood, which greatly, Fig. (PDF) Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB - ResearchGate [23], A system of laccoliths is exposed at Elba, which form a "Christmas tree" laccolith system in which a single igneous plumbing system has produced multiple laccoliths at different levels in the crust. Here, detailed structural and geophysical features of a large-scale anomaly (LSA) is revealed from high-resolution multi-channel seismic (MCS) profiles over the LRTPB dividing the SWTB and the PRMB. Various igneous features such as sills, volcanic edifices and stocks were identified by the, The northeastern part of the South China Sea is a special region in many aspects of its tectonics. igneous rock and further classified as a laccolith. They can be contrasted with sills, which are sheetlike intrusions oriented parallel to the bedding of the enclosing rock: a laccoliths ratio of diameter to thickness should be less than 10; a larger ratio would make the body a sill. Keywords: Northeastern South China Sea Continental slope Sills Laccolith Fault zone; Citation: Li, B., Q. Tang, P. Yan, J. Yu, and X. Wang, 2021: Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin. Laccolith mountains have since been identified in many other parts of the world. Lava Flow Composition & Types | What is Lava Flow? 1990-2033 Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (TAO). {\displaystyle g} P Batholiths are the largest type of pluton, a massive igneous structure formed by underground magma. It is 15,400m in size, stretching 200 miles in one direction and 75 miles in the other. - "Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin" Table 1 from Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone [17], Laccoliths tend to form at relatively shallow depths and in some cases are formed by relatively viscous magmas, such as those that crystallize to diorite, granodiorite, and granite. No two are alike, but all of these former 'red-hot giants' have something to teach us about the building of the continents we call home. Igneous intrusions are the physical features that result from the eruptions of volcanic magma or through the solidification of molten rocks from beneath the surface of the earth for example laccoliths. One of the most-photographed examples comes from the Grand Canyon, where a dark dike slashes across thin, red shale layers above a frothing whitewater rapid. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The amount of SiO 2, which varies between 35% and 80%, . A modern formula for the shape of a laccolith is: where [22], One of the largest laccoliths in the United States is Pine Valley Mountain in the Pine Valley Mountain Wilderness area near St. George, Utah. Credit: Terri Cook and Lon Abbott. A sill is a flat, sheet-like igneous rock mass that forms when magma intrudes into and crystallizes between preexisting rock layers. Areas where molten rock material pools underground are called magma chambers. Lopoliths are intrusions of igneous rocks with bowl-shaped floors and either flat or bowl-shaped tops. 1:24,000", 10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0117:TLSCNR>2.3.CO;2, "Dynamics of magmatic intrusions in the upper crust: Theory and applications to laccoliths on Earth and the Moon", "Laccolith Complexes of Southeastern Utah: Time of Emplacement and Tectonic Setting Workshop Proceedings", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laccolith&oldid=1140554490, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 20 February 2023, at 16:34. is the horizontal distance from the center of the laccolith, and Laccolith manages to form at relatively shallow depth and in few cases are formed by relatively viscous magma, such as those that crystallize to granite, diorite, and granodiorite. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks | What Is Clastic Sedimentary Rock? [14], The filled and solidified magma chamber of Torres del Paine (Patagonia) is one of the best exposed laccoliths, built up incrementally by horizontal granitic and mafic magma intrusions over 162 11 thousand years. Magmatic activities occurred after the cessation of seafloor spreading were founded mainly over the Continent-Ocean Transition (COT) zone. Both recent drilling into the Mesozoic and new reflection seismic surveys in the area provide a huge. Gilbert also determined that larger laccoliths formed at greater depth. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, The northern margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is often regarded as a magmapoor passive continental margin. Named for its resemblance to the silhouette of a sailing ship, Ship Rock is a volcanic neck located where the main feeder pipe for a larger volcano was once located. "Geomythology: geological origins of myths and legends" in, "Progressive Growth of the Cerro Bayo Cryptodome, Chachahun Volcano, ArgentinaImplications for Viscous Magma Emplacement", 10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<351:TFAGOF>2.0.CO;2, "Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption", "Syn-Emplacement Fracturing in the Sandfell Laccolith, Eastern IcelandImplications for Rhyolite Intrusion Growth and Volcanic Hazards", "Laccoliths of the Ortiz porphyry belt, Santa Fe County, New Mexico", "Petrological constraints on the recycling of mafic crystal mushes and intrusion of braided sills in the Torres del Paine Mafic Complex (Patagonia)", 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0983:TSGOLA>2.0.CO;2, "Noe, D. C., and Alexander T. Klink. The coexistence of the laccolith and surrounding sills over the LRTPB shows that the north limit of magmatism is further north than the COT zone. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/laccolith, Academia - Two-Stage Growth of Laccoliths at Elba Island, Italy. Schematic showing the fault-induced decompression melting close to the LRTPB. The elongated shape of the laccolith is accordant to the NW directional LRTPB, indicating that magmatic activities of study region maybe controlled by the faulting. formed as this igneous rock cooled. How quickly lava flows move, and how far they go, depends upon the type of magma that's erupting. A laccolith is found in the Hawaii volcanoes which were formed a long time ago but only erupted a few decades ago. Evidence, layout, nature, relation with basin development, and geodynamics of these faults are discussed. Laccoliths formed from sills only when they became large enough for the pressure of the magma to force the overlying strata to dome upwards. Copyrights and related rights for article metadata waived via CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0) Public Domain Dedication. The word Laccolith was derived from Greek lkko(s) meaning pond, and the word lith means stone. A laccolith is a type of igneous intrusion, formed when magma forces its way upwards through the Earth's crust but cools and solidifies before reaching the surface. [5], A laccolith forms after an initial sheet-like intrusion has been injected between layers of sedimentary rock. Maps of Mesozoic and Cenozoic major faults in the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin are compiled. The batholith forms when many plutons get together to form a granitic rock. For example, limestone will change to marble and sedimentary rocks will change to granite. Batholith (also known as a plutonic rock) is a large mass of igneous rock. In other cases less viscous magma such as shonkinite may form phenocrysts of augite at depth, then inject through a vertical feeder dike that ends in a laccolith. Photograph by Daniel Weber. After velocity estimation, AVO analysis, and geological interpretation for the LSA, we suggest that the LSA is an intrusive igneous rock and further classified as a laccolith. By contrast, extrusive igneous rocks are created by the eruption of magma from volcanoes and the cooling of lava on the Earth's surface. Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin, Boan Li, Qunshu Tang, Pin Yan, Junhui Yu, and Xiao Wang, Li, B., Q. Tang, P. Yan, J. Yu, and X. Wang, 2021: Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Although uplift and/or erosion can later unearth part of a stock, this feature is defined as having less than 40 square miles (100 square kilometers) exposed at the surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using 3D seismic reflection data to document the morphology of a shallow mafic laccolith and its relationship to its erupted products, whilst the HHL is notable for possessing characteristics of both classic laccoliths and shallowly emplaced, multi-lobate mafic sills. {\displaystyle z} laccolith, in geology, any of a type of igneous intrusion that has split apart two strata, resulting in a domelike structure; the floor of the structure is usually horizontal. 4b). A laccolith is a body of intrusive rock with a dome-shaped upper surface and a level base, fed by a conduit from below. Ocean. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. When Laramide compression was later replaced by extension, emplacement of sills and laccoliths was replaced by emplacement of dikes. Because erosion can gradually remove tens of thousands of feet of rocks overlying intrusive formations, both extrusive and intrusive rocks can be observed on the Earth's surface, sometimes in close proximity. [31], Dolerite intrusion laccolith in Sydney, Australia, Laccolith exposed by erosion of overlying strata in Montana, Pink monzonite laccolith intrudes within the grey Cambrian and Ordovician strata near Notch Peak, Utah[32], The eroded laccolith on the top of Vitosha[33] - the domed mountain next to Sofia, Bulgaria. Sci., 32, 443-458, doi: 10.3319/TAO.2021.09.07.01, Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (TAO), A large-scale anomaly was seismically observed and identified as laccolith, Its elongated shape is accordant to the LRTPB dividing the SWTB and PRMB, The LRTPB may be responsible for the formation of the large-scale anomaly. Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption - Nature Plutons represent large intrusive igneous rocks. Geologists believe that the Idaho Batholith was first formed 45 to 180 million years ago, during the Early and Middle Cretaceous periods. Stocks are small igneous intrusions with less than 40 square miles exposed at the Earth's surface. 2. Batholiths can be found throughout the world. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. A laccolith is a rock that appears as a sheet-like intrusion and is intruded between the layers of sedimentary rock. A variety of geologic processes contribute to the unique landscapes found throughout the world. A renowned example of laccolith is found in Henry Mountain, Utah. While batholiths represent the largest type of pluton, with areas greater than 100km, stocks are small plutons with areas less than 100km. The coexistence of the laccolith and surrounding sills over the LRTPB shows that the north limit of magmatism is further north than the COT zone. Silicate Minerals Types & Examples | What are Silicate Minerals? The laccolith is the attribute of the region where the crust is being flattened and the direction of the least stress is vertical, whereas the region where the crust is in pressure is more likely to form dikes as the direction of the least stress is parallel.

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