Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. incidence rates. arithmetic-scale line graph see line graph, arithmetic-scale. variable, continuous a variable that has the potential for having an infinite number of values along a continuum (e.g., height and weight). crude death rate see mortality rate, crude. It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. epidemiology, analytic the aspect of epidemiology concerned with why and how a health problem occurs. infant mortality rate see mortality rate, infant. normal curve the bell-shaped curve that results when a normal distribution is graphed. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births plus stillbirths. synonyms. https://www.freethesaurus.com/infection+rate. midrange the halfway point, or midpoint, in a set of observations. hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. frequency polygon a graph of a frequency distribution in which values of the variable are plotted on the horizontal axis, and the number of observations are plotted on the vertical axis. Columns are drawn so that their bases equal the class intervals (i.e., so that columns of adjacent intervals touch), and their heights correspond to the class frequencies. attributable risk percent see proportion, attributable. One of the many measures is the closure of schools which concomitantly implied that other innovative strategies to the delivery of subject matter to students while they remain at home be employed in order to . natural history of disease the progression of a disease process in a person from the time it begins to the time it resolves, in the absence of treatment. No report of Peak expiratory flow rate decreased is found for people with Escherichia urinary tract infection. outbreak, propagated an outbreak that spreads from person to person rather than from a common source. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. clinical disease a disease that has been manifested by its symptoms and features. case-fatality rate (also called case-fatality ratio) the proportion of persons with a particular condition (e.g., patients) who die from that condition. Good synonyms? That is to say, transmission, vehicleborne transmission of an agent by an inanimate object; considered a type of indirect transmission; includes foodborne and waterborne transmission. The normal range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute. EIS Epidemic Intelligence Service; CDCs 2-year training program in applied epidemiology for public health professionals (/eis). In statistics, the frequency and pattern of the values or categories of a variable. Vad r kursen fr att vxla till ? study, experimental a study in which the investigator specifies the type of exposure for each person (clinical trial) or community (community trial) then follows the persons or communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. interquartile range a measure of spread representing the middle 50% of the observations, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (75th percentile) and the first quartile (25th percentile). ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. privacy rule a set of regulations based on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act to protect the privacy of individually identifiable health information. Based on this situation, temporary measures such as immigration inspections have been implemented since December 30, 2022 to avoid a sharp increase in the inflow of COVID-19 into Japan, and flexible responses will be taken while monitoring the infection situation in China. Retinal Degeneration. line graph, arithmetic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. attribute a risk factor that is an intrinsic characteristic of the individual person, animal, plant, or other type of organism under study (e.g., genetic susceptibility, age, sex, breed, weight). Organizationally, NCHS is a component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one of the agencies of the US Department of Health and Human Services. It is used to measure the frequency of I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. demographic information personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate, [Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin, [C15: from Old French, from Medieval Latin, to estimate or be estimated, with regard to worth, merit, value. statistical significance the measure of how likely it is that a set of study results could have occurred by chance alone. A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. skewed a distribution that is not symmetrical. dependent variable see variable, dependent. Usually, one variable represents a health outcome, and one represents an exposure or personal characteristic. Common measures of central location are the mean, median, and mode also called the measure of central tendency. syndromic surveillance see surveillance, syndromic. Pandemic When a new disease spreads to many countries around the world. odds ratio a measure of association used in comparative studies, particularly case-control studies, that quantifies the association between an exposure and a health outcome; also called the cross-product ratio. In epidemiology, particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. Which area in the Western Hemisphere has the highest HIV, The coauthors of the report published in Health Affairs found that hepatitis C, (20) This trial found no significant difference in, In a nationwide Canadian study, (1) researchers aimed to determine repeat HCV, Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if a disposable draping system is superior to reusable draping material in prevention of ICEDIs and hence lowering of the, Consider using non-sterile gloves during minor skin excisions (even those that require sutures) because the, In understanding the transmission dynamics in area-specific malaria epidemiological studies, the determination of Plasmodium sporozoite, A FREE screening service in Coventry has been rolled out by a sexual health charity to slash the HIV. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. people that rate special treatment; an idea that rates attention. quarantine the separation of well persons who have been exposed or are suspected to have been exposed to a communicable disease, to monitor for illness and to prevent potential transmission of infection to susceptible persons during the incubation period. crude mortality rate see mortality rate, crude. I want to change some dollars into francs what is the rate of exchange? individual data values or observations from each record (also called raw data). epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the application of that study to control health problems. Find out what connects these two synonyms. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each community and then follows the communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. Cheers! contagious capable of being transmitted from one person to another by contact or close proximity. antonyms. bias, information systematic difference in the collection of data regarding the participants in a study (e.g., about exposures in a case-control study, or about health outcomes in a cohort study) that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. We take your privacy seriously. experimental study see study, experimental. Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). life expectancy a statistical projection of the average number of years a person of a given age is expected to live, if current mortality rates continue to apply. {\displaystyle \lambda } infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. class limits the values at the upper and lower ends of a class interval. The infection rate in reactivated disease is approximately 15%-20%. y-axis the vertical axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the dependent variable (e.g., frequency number, proportion, or rate). prevalence the number or proportion of cases or events or attributes among a given population. All rights reserved. mortality rate, sex-specific a mortality rate among either males or females. clinical criteria the medical features (e.g., symptoms, medical examination findings, and laboratory results) that are used in a case definition. infection rates. median the measure of central location that divides a set of data into two equal parts, above and below which lie an equal number of values (see also measure of central location). epidemic curve a histogram that displays the course of an outbreak or epidemic by plotting the number of cases according to time of onset. 2023 Reverso-Softissimo. The number of cases per year of certain diseases in relation to the size of the population in which they occur. These infections are usually acquired after hospitalization and manifest 48 hours after admission t Hospital Acquired Infections Book study, retrospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred. antonyms. Similar words for Infection rate. bar chart a visual display in which each category of a variable is represented by a bar or column bar charts are used to illustrate variations in size among categories. Well, at any rate, let me thank you for all you did. confidence limits the end points (i.e., the minimum and maximum values) of a confidence. normal distribution a distribution represented as a bell shape, symmetrical on both sides of the peak, which is simultaneously the mean, median, and mode, and with both tails extending to infinity. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses a logarithmic scale. 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. risk the probability that an event will occur (e.g., that a person will be affected by, or die from, an illness, injury, or other health condition within a specified time or age span). https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate. study, prospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred. Q. where would i find list of all the "clean" cities and the rates of air pollution ? study, analytic a study, usually observational, in which groups are compared to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. case, source the case or instance of a patient responsible for transmitting infection to others; the instance of a patient who gives rise to an outbreak or epidemic. semilogarithmic-scale line graph see line graph, semilogarithmic-scale. Data from these systems are used to learn about health status, health care, provision and use of services, and the impact of services and programs on health. Diseases of the cardiovascular system may be diagnosed . representative sample see sample, representative. The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation. mortality rate, postneonatal the mortality rate for children from age 28 days up to, but not including, 1 year. The key differences between two common pathogens. virulence the ability of an infectious agent to cause severe disease, measured as the proportion of persons with the disease who become severely ill or die. Epidemics of Omicron and influenza have both contributed to those high mortality levels in late 2022. Payday lending is an established form of lending in the US and Canada. endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. Antiviral therapy and cesarean delivery (CD) improve clinical outcomes. The WBC count is measured in a reference range of values by the number of blood cells in a cubic millimeter . 1 vote. Data as of December 2022 and NOTE: dose response & no vaxxKeep in mind that wherever there has been elevated COVID vaccine rates, there are elevated excess infections and cause, component a factor that contributes to a sufficient cause (see also cause, sufficient). Log in. Search. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This is usually measured at a time when the subject is completely at rest and in a fasting state. Each cause of death is expressed as a percentage of all deaths, and the sum of the proportionate mortality for all causes must equal 100%. The metabolic rate as measured 12 hr after eating, after a restful sleep, with no exercise or activity preceding testing, with elimination of emotional excitement, and at a comfortable temperature. The exposure period can be brief or can extend over days, weeks, or longer, with the exposure being either intermittent or continuous. (-0001). sentinel surveillance see surveillance, sentinel. case-control study see study, case-control. dose-response association between an exposure and health outcome that varies in a consistently increasing or decreasing fashion as the amount of exposure (dose) increases. cause, sufficient a factor or collection of factors whose presence is always followed by the occurrence of a particular health problem. The number of maternal deaths in 1 year from puerperal causes (such as those associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium) within 42 days after delivery divided by the number of live births in that same year. outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. Two common types are cohort studies and case-control studies. an infecting agency or influence. Prostadine is a natural dietary supplement that uses an advanced prostate complex formula to boost prostate gland health. prospective study see study, prospective. symptom any indication of disease noticed or felt by a patient. is the average time spent in the susceptible group before becoming infected. attack rate, secondary a measure of the frequency of new cases of a disease among the contacts of known patients. This type of graph is useful for identifying medians and quartiles and other percentiles. sex-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, sex-specific. APA: Classic Thesaurus. alternative hypothesis see hypothesis, alternative. 10 Infection rate Synonyms. race/ethnic-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, race/ethnic-specific. Sometimes distinguished from an epidemic as more localized, or the term less likely to evoke public panic (see also epidemic). transmission (of infection) any mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread to a susceptible host. Normally it is less than 10 mm/hr in men and slightly higher in women. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a nurse-driven pneumococcal vaccination protocol based on the 2012 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines within an academic rheumatology clinic. effectiveness the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results in the field. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. crude when referring to a rate, an overall or summary rate for a population, without adjustment. The rate of becoming infected ( prevalence, period the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at any time during a particular period. healthy worker effect the observation that employed persons generally have lower mortality rates than the general population, because persons with severe, disabling disease (who have higher mortality rates) tend to be excluded from the workforce. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. denominator the lower portion of a fraction; used in calculating a ratio, proportion, or rate. Antibiotic resistance is one of the leading issues in modern healthcare due to the inability to treat common infections with available antibiotics. The average age of someone with a breakthrough infection was 42, and it's notable that only one person was known to have a weakened immune system. See respiratory tract infection . Alexander COVID News-Dr. Paul Elias Alexander's Newsletter DEVASTATING Australian NSW data showing the quadrupled COVID mRNA vaccinated (4 shots) have massive spikes in hospitalization & death! Energy used is calculated from the amount of oxygen used during the test. .css-1w804bk{font-size:16px;}See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. incidence proportion the fraction of persons with new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, calculated as the number of new cases divided by the size of the population at the start of the study period (see also attack rate). Clumping is increased by the presence of acute-phase proteins released during inflammation. Synonyms for Infection Rates (other words and phrases for Infection Rates). chain of infection the progression of an infectious agent that leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by a mode of transmission, and then enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. rates of hiv aids. A record represents data related to a single case. {\displaystyle A} A small short-term loan, with very high interest rates, that the borrower promises to repay on or near the next payday. 2023. The postneonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. exposed group a group whose members have had contact with a suspected cause of, or possess a characteristic that is a suspected determinant of, a particular health problem. numerator the upper portion of a fraction (see also denominator). decision tree a branching chart that represents the logical sequence or pathway of a clinical or public health decision. box plot a visual display that summarizes data by using a box and whiskers format to indicate the minimum and maximum values (ends of the whiskers), interquartile range (length of the box), and median (line through the box). mortality rate, age-adjusted a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions among different populations. The purpose is to examine rate of change instead of amount of change only. Demonstrates appropriate hand washing techniques to ensure proper infection control and follows universal precautions. notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. study, case-control an observational analytic study that enrolls one group of persons with a certain disease, chronic condition, or type of injury (case-patients) and a group of persons without the health problem (control subjects) and compares differences in exposures, behaviors, and other characteristics to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. The frequency with which a gene will be inherited or expressed by identical or fraternal twins. epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. Tea-flavored ice cream doesn't rate highly in my book. 2. . One moose, two moose. infection rates. 3. a fixed charge per unit of quantity: a rate of 10 cents a pound. study, cohort an observational analytic study in which enrollment is based on status of exposure to a certain factor or membership in a certain group. chartjunk unnecessary or confusing visual elements in charts, illustrations, or graphs. Infectious Disease A disease caused by a microbe, and the microbes that cause infectious diseases are referred to as pathogens Infection -Synonym for infectious disease -Microbiologists reserve it to mean colonization of pathogen; may or may not go on to cause disease Infection vs. Infectious Disease thesaurus. The rate of occurrence of negative test results in those who have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Wer auf der Strae oder in ffentlichen Gebuden ohne Mund-Nasen-Schutz erwischt wurde, musste mit . NOTE: Effective February 1, 2023, the Coronavirus Tracker has switched from LIVE to Daily Updates. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. latency period the time from exposure to a causal agent to onset of symptoms of a (usually noninfectious) disease (see also incubation period). If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. According to the 2018 Healthy Youth Survey, nearly 25% of eighth-graders, 31% of 10th-graders and 31% of 12th-graders reported seeing someone around their age pressure someone else to kiss, touch. trial, clinical an experimental study that uses data from individual persons. It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. Synonyms for infection rate - infection rate, incidence rate, morbidity and others. (since rate is 1/time). . In radiology, the speed with which medical images are recorded, usually expressed in images per second. But some types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the . observational study see study, observational. Quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons; isolation refers to separation of ill persons. rate of prevalence. sample a selected subset of a population a sample can be random or nonrandom and representative or nonrepresentative. syndrome a combination of symptoms characteristic of a disease or health condition; sometimes refers to a health condition without a clear cause (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome). infestation taint, transmission contamination infection, transmission infection taint infectivity transmission poisoning transmission exposure transmission taint contagion infection, taint invasion infection Filters Toxoplasmosis Q fever Influenza Toxocara A Word From Immediate Delivery. bank accounts paying above the average rate of interest. I was wondering the rate at which alcohol induces brain damage; I know that over some years, damage occurs, but does anything happen after a month of drinking on weekends? Mesoendemic An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. proportion a ratio in which the numerator is included in the denominator; the ratio of a part to the whole, expressed as a decimal fraction (e.g., 0 2), a fraction (1/5), or a percentage (20%). ITS THE MASS DEATH. Until the beginning of 2010, the worm had managed to crash 20% of Iran's functioning centrifuges for uranium enrichment, setting back the country's nuclear program with 2 years. x-axis the horizontal axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the independent variable (e.g., time). This is true regardless of whether they have shown symptoms of COVID-19 or not. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests.

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