That last one, antithesis, is particularly interesting as it factors in so many aspects of our daily lives. 20. In reality the sirens were ugly beasts, that killed the men as soon as they approached and ate them. ", "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee.". Prsentez ensuite la sce\`{e}ene a\`{a}a la classe. How, in this sentence, does Henry suggest that his listeners can trust him? What is the "if then" statement in this paragraph? What is the sententia in this speech? <]>> Staking Your Claim By: Andrea Holub Both Abraham Lincoln's, "House Divided" and Patrick Henry's, "Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death" are both powerful speeches that effectively use figurative language, rhetorical appeals, and rhetorical devices. 5. In sentence 20, what does Henry contrast with love and reconciliation? Henry uses this transition to shift the perspective from what has been heard to the ideas that he feels need to be discussed. All rights reserved. Convention delegates included slaveholders who would recognize and recoil from this imagery. A hypophora is useful to present to an audience issues they may not have considered in depth. What is the effect of this contrast? What is the purpose of returning to this metaphor yet again? What is the purpose of returning to this metaphor yet again? (21) Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled, that force must be called in to win back our love? In sentence 3 what does Henry mean when he says, this is no time for ceremony? While most argue optimistically about reconciliation with Britain, Henry argues that such a position is impossible. Logos In Patrick Henry's Speech. i repeat it, sir, we must fight. 9. Virginia ranked among the largest, wealthiest, and most populous colonies in 1775, and her political and military support for independence would be crucial for success. This is a rhetorical shift in perspective that helps to prepare his audience. Henry shifts tone in the beginning of this paragraph to irony, the use of language that conveys the opposite of the intended meaning. In sentence 7 Henry is asking them to understand that he likewise is compelled to speak based on his own sense of integrity (if he holds back, he would consider himself "guilty of treason"). (7) Should I keep back my opinions at such a time, through fear of giving offence, I should consider myself as guilty of treason towards my country, and of an act of disloyalty toward the majesty of heaven, which I revere above all earthly kings. Do you know Patrick Henry's famous line that owes its zip to antithesis? "The sunlight that brought light and healing to you has brought stripes and death to me. He uses this to highlight the fact that the people should trust him and his words. 0000001256 00000 n He delivered it on July 5, 1852 to the women of the Rochester Anti-Slavery Sewing Society--and in that speech youll find a number of striking examples of antithesis. 12. 36. In sentence 58, what does Henry mean by "we have no election"? So, how is this different from antithesis? (75) I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death! (Sentence 42-43). It relies on parallel phrases, remember? Find at least one example of hypophora in this paragraph and explain its contribution to Henry's argument. He anticipates the argument that the Colonies are too weak to fight. Why does Henry use this term? The speech divides into the four parts of a classical argument, defined below. Henry delivered his 1775 speech at St. Johns Church in Richmond, Virginia. In order to avoid any interference from British troops, the Second Convention of approximately 120 delegates met in Richmond, Virginia, from March 20 through March 27. Speech is silver but silence is gold. In asking these questions Henry's purpose is to encourage the listener and emphasize his point. Poetry is one of the most sublime art forms imaginable. startxref He answers it through tonal shifts and appeals. His argument in this paragraph is that the British Ministry had proved themselves to be untrustworthy, and action should be taken. Most of the British military action to this point had occurred in and around Boston. When you juxtapose two things, you place them next to each other to highlight either their similarities or their differences. His speech reflected language and actions far more radical that his fellow delegates were willing to go in public, but Henry based his request upon the assumption that even more aggressive military actions by the British would soon follow. -To amplify: "the war is actually begun" (sentence 67) This is from Ezekiel 12:2, when God describes how those who hear Ezekiel's words and do not listen will be destroyed. In sentence 29 Henry states, They [the armies and fleets] are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging. He wishes to continue the image of slavery to explain that the Colonies have used argument to combat the attempts of the British to enslave them, but these efforts have failed. He means there is no choice but to fight. Oxymoron is when you combine two opposing and contradictory words to bring out a new, and sometimes unexpected, meaning. 19. He states in sentence 44, If we wish to be free [then] we must fight! Statue of Patrick Henry, Richmond, Virginia. In this second paragraph of the exordium, Henry works to explain the importance and timeliness of his argument by setting up a contrast between illusions and truth in sentences 8 and 12. What is an example of restatement in Patrick Henry's Speech to the Virginia Convention? As a result, in addition to referring to a literary device, antithesis also means that something is the opposite of something else. (27) No, sir, she has none. "If we wish to be freeif we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contendingif we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained, we must fight!". What argument does he anticipate and what two rhetorical strategies does he use to refute it? What allusion does Henry use in sentence 9 when he says listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts? How does this allusion contribute to his argument? Antithesis can also be expressed as a contrast of two things, such as when Henry speaks of the colonies' situation as "nothing less thana question of. 0000000736 00000 n Find an example of Henry's return to an image of slavery at the end of this paragraph. Urgent, pleading, inflammatory Paragraph 1 1. (20) Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? For example, we describe zombies as the "living dead," which illustrates their contradictory nature. In brightest day, in blackest night. (24) I ask, gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? Sententia, especially useful in speeches, is an argumentative device that uses sound to sum up an argument. A final example is when Henry says "if we wish to be free--if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending". The main point of the "if then" statement in paragraph 3 explains that if they want independence, then they have to fight. Henry lists several negotiation attempts by colonists and British responses. Henry recounts past experiences and events that guide his feet and make fighting a necessity. Rhetorical parenthesis is the insertion into a sentence of an explanatory word or phrase. The Temptations have a song called My Girl. Theres a line in it that goes like this. In sentence 3 what does Henry mean when he says, "this is no time for ceremony"? Juxtaposition means to put two elements side by side, often for comparison. Posted on Published: March 14, 2021- Last updated: September 18, 2022. Consider sentence 40, especially the verbs. For an electronic version of Wirts book, visit this link: Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry. Thus, there are only two options left: success or failure in war against Britain. The first paragraph of classical argument, the exordium, seeks to engage the audience and prepare them to hear the speakers message. (49) Will it be the next week, or the next year? In this paragraph, Henry responds to the opposing argument, giving reasons to refute it. 39. According to Henry, which will his argument contain and which will it NOT contain? (14) I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. Anaphora the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses Allusion A reference to another work of literature, person, or event allusion example In sentence 7 Henry argues on the basis of "ethos," which is Greek for "character." Give an example in this paragraph of an attempt to engage the audience and an example of an attempt to prepare the audience. The Peroratio, or conclusion, has several purposes, including: to restate an argument, to amplify reasoning, to inspire an audience, and to rouse emotional responses. Henry builds to a syllogistic argument, an appeal to logic, at the end of this paragraph. (61) Our chains are forged! What is his purpose in first asking if they are disposed to see not, and hear not and then stating, I am willing to know the whole truth: to know the worst, and to provide for it? 0000001373 00000 n xref And, if you havent watched the footage, I recommend that you do. He hopes the speakers before him will respect him as he respects them. What is his purpose in asking these questions? Would they rather ignore the situation and have dangerous outcomes (this choice is defined by the previous allusions to the sirens and Ezekiel) or instead know the truth and prepare? (74) Forbid it, Almighty God! Why? Such a statement implies that there is no middle groundthere are no other alternatives. As a rhetorical device, antithesis is defined very specifically as the use of: 1) two opposing ideas 2) presented in parallel structure 3) in the same sentence The effect is to heighten the contrastand in many cases, vividly drive the speaker's point home. Find at least one example of hypophora in this paragraph and explain its contribution to Henrys argument. He contrasts liberty and death, concluding that without liberty death is preferable. What purpose does Henry establish, and to what is he appealing in order to emphasize this purpose? This indicates the courage that Henry displays by making the speech and by implication he recognizes the courage that will be necessary for his fellow delegates to take action. 29. (39) Sir, we have done everything that could be done, to avert the storm which is now coming on. How does the ethical appeal in sentence 7 relate to the ethical appeal in sentence 1? The foot of the throne (sentence 41) is metonomy, representing the King. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Hence, whereas antithesis is always about contrast and difference, juxtaposition can be about difference, but it can also be about similarities. Speaking in Public: Celebrating 35 Years of Friendly Debate, Quotes: How to Mark them in a Presentation, Speaking on a Panel: Seven tips to help you succeed, Your Big Idea: The Poster Approach to Public Speaking, Ways to Practice When Public Speaking Isn't Part of Your Job, speaking at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. His use of pronouns reinforces the idea that the chains heard in Boston are also the chains of Virginians. He inserts appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos. Summarizing why a speaker (or writer) might choose to use antithesis, LitCharts writes it can: Well add that antithesis makes a point memorableand quotableas weve seen recently with the line "When they go low, we go high" and in the not-so-distant past with Neil Armstrongs "one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.". (8) Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. In this lesson you will look at Patrick Henrys speech and analyze his methods for convincing his fellow members of the Virginia Convention to take a military stance against the British. Choose three examples of emotional language from excerpt 3. Resources for Understanding Text Complexity, Resources for Writing High-Quality Text Dependent Questions, Advisor: Robert A. Ferguson, George Edward Woodberry Professor in Law, Literature and Criticism, Columbia University, National Humanities Center FellowCopyright National Humanities Center, 2015. It illustrates the positive qualities of the people fighting in the battle. Suffice to say, Henry has already made his choice; he'd rather die fighting for liberty than live in chains. Rather than the word of God, which is the lamp found in the Biblical verse, what is the lamp that Henry uses to guide his feet in sentence 13? 0000003309 00000 n Henry shifts tone in the beginning of this paragraph to irony, the use of language that conveys the opposite of the intended meaning. Get busy living or get busy dying. What purpose does Henry establish, and to what is he appealing in order to emphasize this purpose? In 1776 and 1784 he became the first and the sixth governor of Virginia. There is alliteration, assonance, imagery, metaphor, rhyme, and onomatopoeia. MR. Why does Henry begin the second sentence with "but"? In paragraph 4 Henry uses procatalepsis, an argumentative strategy that anticipates an objection and then answers it. Each paragraph is accompanied by a number of close reading questions designed to invite student analysis in four major areas: classical argument structure, diction and syntax, rhetorical strategies, and argumentative appeals (logos, ethos, and pathos). Henry used not only rhetorical devices but also the strategies of classical argument, making a potentially confusing situation simple and straightforward as he attempted to move all his fellow delegates toward the same result. 11. (9) We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts. Consider "petition" (to bring written grievances) versus "remonstrate" (to forcefully protest) versus "supplicate" (to beg earnestly or humbly) versus "prostrate" (to totally submit) versus "implore" (to beg desperately). 4). Antithesis is defined as a particular kind of literary device that organizes sentence structure in such a way that the sentence presents two opposing ideas in a grammatically parallel way. Henry's use of "Peace, Peace--but there is no peace" is a biblical allusion meant to force the audience to agree that the English are beginning a war where there will never be peace" (66). Antithesis comes from the Greek antithenai, which means to oppose. Click here for standards and skills for this lesson. The teachers guide includes a background note, the text analysiswithresponses to the close reading questions, access to the interactive exercises, and a follow-up assignment. He is recognizing the treasonable nature of this discussion, displaying not only his own courage but asking his fellow delegates to show courage as well. 0000000997 00000 n Determine Patrick Henry's tone in this speech. I have provided an example for each type of antithesis from Henry's speech. "There is no longer any room for hope. The false dichotomy (either-or) fallacy gives only two options with no choices in between, and Henry uses this intentionally. Cite evidence from the text. Henry does this in sentences 11 and 12. Minor premise [B]: Talking does not achieve results. What is the effect of this contrast? "We have no election" (Par. (68) The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Identify the parenthesis and Henry's purpose for including it. Consider petition (to bring written grievances) versus remonstrate (to forcefully protest) versus supplicate (to beg earnestly or humbly) versus prostrate (to totally submit) versus implore (to beg desperately). By using the parenthesis he connects those failed attempts to the end of the hope of peace and reconciliation..

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