On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated at Sarajevo. Four years later [after WW1 began] they have poison, gas, heavy bombs bombing cities, submarines, machine guns, artillery, tanks," Carlin said. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the Royal Prince of Hungary and the Archduke of Austria-Este from 1896-1914. So the expectation of all of us was that we simply would have to guard the frontiers so as had happened in the war of 1870 between France and Germany. After Serbia's victory over Bulgaria in Macedonia in the Balkan Wars, the "Black Hand" became moribund because of the death of its president and the failure to replace him, an inactive secretary, casualties, broken links between its three-man cells, and a drying up of funding. In total twenty-five people were indicted. Prime Minister Pai himself made these denials to Az Est on 7 July and to the Paris Edition of the New York Herald on 20 July. At least 10 dead after winter storm slams South, Midwest, The Saturday Six: Dental device controversy, scientist's bug find and more, Indonesia fuel depot fire kills 18; more than a dozen missing, Biden had cancerous skin lesion removed last month, doctor says, Duo of 81-year-old women plan to see the world in 80 days, Tom Sizemore, actor known for "Saving Private Ryan" and "Heat," dies at 61, Alex Murdaugh sentenced to life in prison for murders of wife and son. And we left on Tuesday morning; nobody thinking there was going to be a war immediately. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. The fact that Milan Ciganovi was involved, that the key officers involved were "Black Hand" members,[156][157] that "Black Hand" Provincial Director for Bosnia and Herzegovina Vladimir Gainovi was consulted[158] and that there was no official budget for the operation favors assigning responsibility to the "Black Hand". [186][183] The 100th anniversary of the assassination was commemorated with a concert by the Vienna Philharmonic in the Sarajevo City Hall, in an event that was organized by the European Union. Princip and Grabe crossed into Austria-Hungary on the evening of 1 June. [83][84] This is confirmed by photographs of the scene outside the Town Hall. [70], Ili began handing out the weapons on 27 June. Published: June 28, 2022 at 3:30 am. Alternatively, search more than 1 million objects from "[118], Austro-Hungarian authorities arrested and prosecuted the Sarajevo assassins (except for Mehmedbai who had escaped to Montenegro and was released from police custody there to Serbia)[119] together with the agents and peasants who had assisted them on their way. [114] The first anti-Serb demonstrations, led by the followers of Josip Frank, were organized in the early evening of 28 June in Zagreb. That it was the Germans who kept not their word and attacked our country and that it was only England and France left at that moment who would keep their word and fight for us. [183] Austrian president Heinz Fischer was the guest of honour. [16] (General Vereanin went on to crush the last Bosnian peasant uprising in the second half of 1910). The spark that set off World War I came on June 28, 1914, when a young Serbian patriot shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Austria), in the city of Sarajevo. A principal agreement was quickly reached, but the delivery of the weapons was delayed for more than a month. The assassins met with Ciganovi and he put them off. [187] Princip was then asked how he intended to realize his goal and responded: "By means of terror. Under the Secret Treaty of 1892 Russia and France were obliged to mobilize their armies if any of the Triple Alliance mobilized. At 10:10 am,[75] Franz Ferdinand's car approached and abrinovi threw his bomb. What did World War 1 accomplish? Trump met with early primary state GOP leaders, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated 100 years ago Saturday, which was the event that triggered World War I, Photograph shows Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (1863-1914) with his children ca/ 1910-14, 100 years since Ferdinand's death sparked WWI, Ukraine says it's ready if Russia tries to invade again from Belarus. [33], Danilo Ili was a Bosnian Serb. Perhaps it was in that very room on June 28, 1914, that Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph received word of his heir apparent Franz Ferdinand's assassination in Sarajevo. In July. [94] At his sentencing, Princip stated that his intention had been to kill Governor Potiorek, rather than Sophie. The bullet fired by Gavrilo Princip, sometimes referred to as "the bullet that started World War I",[191] is a museum exhibit in the Konopit Castle near the town of Beneov in the Czech Republic. On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of the Austro-Hungarian empire, and his wife were were assassinated by a serbian nationalist in Sarajevo. But now, after a couple of days of being in the Army, we found out that it was not so. [174][175] It also demanded that Austro-Hungarian officials should take part in the Serbian inquiry into the assassination plot. Please enter valid email address to continue. On June 28th, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a nationalist working for the Serbian unde. That morning, June 28, the archduke sent a telegram to his eldest son congratulating him on his latest exam results. The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand On Sunday June 28th, 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie traveled in a motorcade through Sarajevo; their car was open topped and there was little security. Live for our children!" Continued instability and conflict in the Balkans was a significant cause of tension prior to World War I. The next morning, abrinovi passed on the news to his fellow assassins that the assassination would be on 28 June. By the end of the war in November of 1918, almost ten million soldiers died and many more civilians lost their lives as well. We had news of the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, and the next thing we knew war was declared on Serbia. . Bosnia ceased to exist in Yugoslavia, and Bosnian Muslims were not recognised until 1968. When Ferdinand. Events moved quickly after the assassination. [11], The adult defendants, facing the death penalty, portrayed themselves at trial as unwilling participants in the conspiracy. It was one of the victims of the First World War, defeated and torn apart by the end of the conflict. It was the first time that my parents took me to the races, and a short while before the Derby the music broke off; we didnt know the reason. When I was seventeen I passed whole nights at his grave, reflecting on our wretched condition and thinking of him. 81-year-olds try to see the world in 80 days. His journey might give rise to incidents and demonstrations that Serbia would deprecate but that would have fatal repercussions on Austro-Serbian relations. [148], In 1914, Rade Malobabi was Serbian Military Intelligence's chief undercover operative against Austria-Hungary. It had, in effect, three competing governments: the Royal government of the Kingdom of Hungary and its possessions, the Imperial Government of. ", First published on June 28, 2014 / 12:25 PM. A Comparative Study of the July Crisis and Its Precursors", Newsreels about Franz Ferdinand's assassination at www.europeanfilmgateway.eu, Prison Interview with Gavrilo Princip after the Assassination, Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers, Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand&oldid=1135220308, Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, Improvised explosive device bombings in Europe, Terrorist incidents in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles using infobox templates with no data rows, Pages using infobox event with blank parameters, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Serbian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Death by hanging (executed 3 February 1915), Death by hanging; commuted to 20 years in prison by Kaiser Franz-Joseph based on the recommendation of the Finance Minister, Death by hanging; commuted to life in prison by Kaiser Franz-Joseph based on recommendation of the court and Finance Minister, Death by firing squad (executed 26 June 1917) and 70 dinar court fee and additional witness fees, 15 years in prison (commuted and released in 1919) and 60 dinar court fee and additional witness fees, Fomenko, A. [47], The rest of the weapons were finally delivered on 26 May. "[149] On the eve of his execution, Malobabi told a priest: "They ordered me to go to Sarajevo when that assassination was to take place, and when everything was over, they ordered me to come back and fulfill other missions, and then there was the outbreak of the war. In Tuzla, abrinovi bumped into one of his father's friends, Sarajevo Police Detective Ivan Vila, and struck up a conversation. [57] abrinovi handed over the weapons he was carrying to Princip and Grabe. Serbia was blamed and attacked by Joseph's armies. [82], Franz Ferdinand and Sophie gave up their planned program in favor of visiting the wounded from the bombing, at the hospital. First, Austria-Hungary gained German support for punitive action against Serbia. "Do you think that Sarajevo is full of assassins?" [96] Pistol serial numbers 19074, 19075, 19120 and 19126 were supplied to the assassins; Princip used #19074. The trial was held from 12 to 23 October with the verdict and sentences announced on 28 October 1914. Post is fun and all, but people should be aware of the glaring historical inaccuracy here: Gavrilo Princip was not eating a sandwich when he shot Archduke Ferdinand. According to Serbian Military Attach to Vienna, Colonel Lejanin, Ambassador Jovanovi, spoke to Bilinski and "stressed in general terms the risks the Archduke heir apparent [sic] might run from the inflamed public opinion in Bosnia and Serbia. [11], The three members of the original assassination team acknowledged full responsibility for their acts, proclaiming their ideal of a liberated and united South Slav people, exonerating Serbia and the Narodna Odbrana whose responsibility the prosecution tried to prove; however the court did not believe the defendants' statements as they differed from their depositions made at the preliminary investigation. The result would be the Great War that changed the course of the twentieth century. Franz Ferdinand's uncle, the emperor, ruled over its many ethnic communities with difficulty. Hear about the effects of the recruiting driveon young men of Britain to join the army. This event wasn't the real cause of the war, it was just the spark that started it. Meanwhile, seven Young Bosnians had fanned out along the Appel Quay, a main avenue in Sarajevo running parallel to the Miljacka River. Following sentencing, abrinovi received a letter of complete forgiveness from the three young children the assassins had orphaned. The political objective of the assassination was to free Bosnia and Herzegovina of Austria-Hungarian rule and establish a common South Slav ("Yugoslav") state. The bomb bounced off the folded back convertible cover into the street. [94] As reported by Count Harrach, Franz Ferdinand's last words were "Sophie, Sophie! [15] The fundamental difference between those movements was that the Young Bosnians regarded social revolution as a necessary corollary of national liberation, and that, even though its membership was predominantly Serb, Young Bosnia also attracted an important minority of Croats and some Muslims. You can look at the historical records and see how Austria-Hungary cared about issues like the rule of law. [108] He later resurfaced in Serbia where he joined Major Tankosi's Chetnik detachment during the war,[109] in 1916 the Serbian government imprisoned him on fabricated charges of treason during the Salonika trial, he was released in 1919. The political objective of the assassination was to free Bosnia and Herzegovina of Austria-Hungarian rule and establish a common South Slav ("Yugoslav") state. [29] Princip, abrinovi and other members of the Young Bosnia were inspired by the heroism of Milo Obili, reenacting the Kosovo Myth. The shot that rang out at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 plunged Europe into one of the most devastating wars in its history. And here we are today, 100 years later. He's likely the single most-successful assassin in history. [38] Once he arrived in Bosnia-Herzegovina he wrote to Gacinovi and did nothing more until Ili wrote to him to summon him to Mostar. [87] The imperial couple were dead by 11:30a.m on 28 June 1914;[101] Sophie was dead on arrival at the Governor's residence, and Franz Ferdinand died 10 minutes later. [183] This was followed by another statue in Belgrade, which was erected in June 2015. The assassination team was helped by the Black Hand, a Serbian secret nationalist group; support came from Dragutin Dimitrijevi, at the time chief of the military intelligence section of the Serbian general staff, as well as from Major Vojislav Tankosi and Rade Malobabi, a Serbian intelligence agent. Those under the age of 20 years at the time of the crime could receive a maximum sentence of 20 years under Austrian-Hungarian law. Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination of Franz, with the month that followed his killing becoming known as the July Crisis. [23] Governor Oskar Potiorek met the party at Sarajevo station. [165] Albertini writes that he "remained unconvinced by the behavior of this officer. Bettmann / Contributor / via Getty Images. The start of World War I, the so-called "Great War" of 1914 to 1918, was triggered whena teenage Serbian revolutionary shotArchduke Franz Ferdinand,the presumptive heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie on their visit to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. "Black Hand" or Serbian military intelligence? Owing to the suppression by Serbia of Apis's confession and of the Salonika trial transcripts historians did not initially link Malobabi closely to the Sarajevo attack. C. "[143] Jovanovi came back from the meeting with Bilinski and told Lejanin that "Bilinski showed no sign of attaching great importance to the total message and dismissed it limiting himself to remarking when saying goodbye and thanking him: 'Let us hope nothing does happen. The event triggered the start of World War I and ushered in decades of war and political upheaval throughout Europe and across the globe. In Serbia, it is called Vidovdan and commemorates the 1389 Battle of Kosovo against the Ottomans, at which the Sultan was assassinated in his tent by a Serb. [38], According to Mehmedbai while he was traveling to Bosnia-Herzegovina from France, police searched his train for a thief. On 26 March 1914,[39] Ili informed Mehmedbai that Belgrade (meaning the Black Hand) thought that an attack of Franz Ferdinand instead of the Potiorek would be far more important and that they would support it. [105] The Archduke and his wife were interred at Artstetten Castle because the Duchess could not be buried in the Imperial Crypt.[106]. Morsey was a German spy, and he had been based in Austria. He describes the German and British attitudes to war. The Great War left more than 20 million soldiers dead and 21 million more wounded, which can be attributed to trench warfare and the number of countries involved in the war. Three weeks too young for the death penalty, Princip was given a. The neutrality was guaranteed by the Germans, by the French and by the English. "[121] Another Narodna Odbrana agent, Mihajlo Jovanovi, also claimed to have been against the assassination. How did the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand start WWI? "[145] J. Jovanovi's account changed back and forth over the years and never adequately addressed Colonel Lejanin's statement. [168], In August 1914, The Independent described the assassination as a "deplorable but relatively insignificant" reason for which[170]. Because European nations had numerous colonies around the world, the war soon became a global conflict. The World War I commemorations were boycotted by Serb nationalists and dignitaries, who, along with Bosnian Serbs, view "Princip as a hero. [139] Serbia soon thereafter denied making warnings and denied knowledge of the plot. [134] [1], This changed in May 1903, when Royal Serbian Army officers led by Dragutin Dimitrijevi stormed the Serbian Royal Palace. The car in front of them was supposed to carry six specially trained officers but instead had only one, plus three local policemen. G Lagus, a schoolboy in Prague in the summer of 1914, sensed exactly what was going to happen, particularly because of the uneasy atmosphere in Austria-Hungary. A Serbian nationalist group there was involved in the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, which directly triggered the outbreak of war. However, the participants decided only to dispatch Mehmed Mehmedbai to Sarajevo, to kill the Governor of Bosnia, Oskar Potiorek. Popovi, in turn, provided them with a letter to Serbian Captain Prvanovi, and filled out a form with the names of three customs officials whose identities they could assume and thereby receive discounted train tickets for the ride to Loznica, a small border town. By choosing a military loyalist to convey the message, and by not including any of the specifics such as the conspirators' names and weapons, Pai, a survivor, hedged his bets against the various possible outcomes and consequences of the impending assassination. In 1917, all of the Sarajevo conspirators within Serbia's control were tried at Salonika on false charges, except Ciganovi, who even gave evidence against his comrades at the trial. "I mean the transformation in the mere four years was like technology on steroids.". The assassination precipitated the July Crisis which led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and the start of World War I. Many countries had strong interest to expand their empire by colonizing smaller countries. I was sitting for matriculation aged 17 in Prague, when a shot rang at Sarajevo killing the Archduke Francis Ferdinand. People had already had enough of the Serbian provocation." [181] Russia's general mobilization set off full Austro-Hungarian and German mobilizations. [35], There are no reports as to what took place between Ili and Apis during the alleged meeting, but soon Apis's righthand man and fellow Black Hander, Serbian Major Vojislav Tankosi, who by this time was in charge of guerrilla training, called a Serbian irredentist planning meeting in Toulouse, France. "It could have been a regional war. All of the assassins were eventually caught. Miko Jovanovi hid the weapons in a large box of sugar. According to the program, at 10:00a.m., the motorcade was to leave the barracks for the town hall by way of the Appel Quay. [23] Duchess Sophie, according to their eldest son, Duke Maximilian, accompanied her husband out of fear for his safety.[24]. But in 1914, the Habsburg family had ruled this empire for almost four centuries. 'The assassination of the Austrian archduke took place on the day of the German Derby. 1914. The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 contributed to the beginning of the war. There is evidence that parallel discussions were held between Austria-Hungary and Serbia with Prime Minister Pai dispatching his righthand man Stojan Proti and Regent Alexander dispatching his confidant Colonel Petar ivkovi to Geneva on secret business. At around 11 a.m. today, two shots rang out from a street corner in the center of this city, mortally wounding the archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Sophie the Duchess of Hohenberg, his wife. Hitler sent it to the Berlin Zeughaus where it was put on display in the military museum until 1945 when it disappeared. It is there that I made up my mind sooner or later to perpetrate an outrage. '"[144] The Austro-Hungarian Finance Minister took no action based on Jovanovi's remarks. This places the cabinet minister's discussions in late May and the information release to some time before that. (see criminal penalty section below). We fired a royal salute of 21 guns at three minute intervals at midday as a funereal salute to the archduke. "[116] Two Serbs were killed on the first day of pogrom in Sarajevo, many were attacked, while around 1,000 houses, shops, schools and institutions (such as banks, hotels, printing houses) owned by Serbs were razed or pillaged. They and their weapons reached the island on 31 May. Germany's emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II, was at the Kiel Regatta when the assassination took place. Under this same treaty, the Great Powers (Austria-Hungary, the United Kingdom, France, the German Empire, Italy, and the Russian Empire) gave official recognition to the Principality of Serbia as a fully sovereign state, which four years later transformed into a kingdom under Prince Milan IV Obrenovi who thus became King Milan I of Serbia. hope this helps! For Franz Josef, the arrival of a viable heir had been such a cause for celebration that he'd made Rudolf commander of an entire infantry regiment the very next day. With tensions already running high among Europes powers, the assassination precipitated a rapid descent into World War I. The immediate cause of the outbreak of the First World War was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, on 28 June 1914. One cause of WWI is the assassination of Archduke, Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife on June 28, 1914 by a Serbian nationalist from the Black Hand organization. There is evidence that Russia was at least aware of the plot before 14 June. Gavrilo Princip killed Franz Ferdinand and his wife . All six assassins, except Mehmedbai, were under twenty at the time of the assassination; while the group was dominated by Bosnian Serbs, four of the indictees were Bosnian Croats, and all of them were Austro-Hungarian citizens, none from Serbia. When the motorcade passed by, its route having been published in advance, Cabrinovic asked which car carried the archduke. immersed in the myth, personally identifying himself with the Kosovo heroes, while it is known that Princip knew the entire Petar II Petrovi-Njego's The Mountain Wreath, one of the most celebrated works in the South Slavic literature that glorifies the heroic ideals and spirit of the Kosovo Myth. He and Sophie then boarded a train for the short ride into Sarajevo. Jesse Greenspan is a Bay Area-based freelance journalist who writes about history and the environment. The "Black Hand" was a Serbian military society formed on 9 May 1911 by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia, originating in the conspiracy group that assassinated the Serbian royal couple in May 1903, led by captain Dragutin Dimitrijevi (Commonly referred to as "Apis").[153]. The Russians, coming to the aid of their fellow Slavs, declared war on Austria-Hungary. Updated on August 21, 2019. Grbi passed the terrorists and their weapons to the agents of the Serbian Narodna Odbrana for transport into Austro-Hungarian territory and from safe-house to safe-house. Princip, a slender, 19-year-old Serbian army reject, later admitted to killing Ferdinand but said he had not meant to hit Sophie. There was rivalry between you, between fleets. June 28, 2014 / 12:25 PM "[41] At the Salonika trial, Colonel Ljubomir Vulovi (head of the Serbian Frontiers Service) testified: 'In 1914 on occasion of my official trip from Loznica to Belgrade, I received a letter at the General Staff [signed by Marshal Putnik, Serbia's top military officer] noting that agents of Malobabi would come and a teacher whose name I don't recall (Danilo Ili was a teacher but it is unclear if the teacher in question was Ili as Ili can be placed in Brod but not Loznica) so I could sent [sic] them into Bosnia.' At least two other Young Bosnians also had good looks at the archduke but apparently lost the nerve to attempt an assassination. This myth likely originated from the 2001 novel "Twelve Fingers", which presents a fictionalized version of the events of the assassination that includes the sandwich. [154] By 1914 the "Black Hand" was no longer operating under its constitution but rather as a creature of the Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence, Apis, and its active ranks were composed mostly of Serbian officers loyal to Apis. Apis's confession to ordering the operation that begins with the phrase "As the Chief of the Intelligence Department of the General Staff",[41] the fact that the military chain of command was invoked, the moribund nature of the "Black Hand" and the fact that under the "Black Hand" constitution Article 16, such an assassination could only be ordered by a vote of the Supreme Council Directorate, the President or the Secretary, and no such order was made,[155] are factors in favor of assigning responsibility to Serbian Military Intelligence. The Franz Ferdinand assassination took place in June 1914 and was carried out by a Bosnian-Serb and radicalist named Gavrilo Princip. Princip explained to the court he had already read about Franz Ferdinand's upcoming visit in German papers. [60], The Narodna Odbrana agents reported their activities to the Narodna Odbrana President, Boa Jankovi, who in turn reported to the then Serbian Caretaker Prime Minister Nikola Pai. In that capacity, he agreed to attend a series of June 1914 military exercises in Bosnia-Herzegovina. On the morning of Sunday 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkowa und Wognin, arrived by train in the city of Sarajevo and joined a motorcade for the ride to the city hall. "[125], Prison terms, death sentences and acquittals were as follows:[126]. IWM collections. Ferdinand and Sophie departed their estate for Bosnia-Herzegovina on June 23. After practicing with their pistols in a Belgrade park, the three men journeyed back to Bosnia-Herzegovina, receiving help from Black Hand associates to smuggle their weapons across the border. The police and local authorities in the city did nothing to prevent anti-Serb violence. How Did Alliances Cause Ww1. Rather than immediately flee Sarajevo, Ferdinand decided to continue on to the planned event at city hall. [27] Princip later stated to the court that preventing Franz Ferdinand's planned reforms was one of his motivations. Cos Germany was piling them in and the slogan was: We want eight and we wont wait. [19][20] Within Bosnia-Herzegovina, the networks of both the Black Hand and Narodna Odbrana penetrated to some extent local revolutionary movements such as Young Bosnia. But because of Franz Ferdinand's ill health in the 1890s, his younger brother Otto was regarded as more likely to . Hence, he decided, in 1914, to inspect the army in Bosnia. [21], In 1913, Emperor Franz Joseph commanded Archduke Franz Ferdinand to observe the military maneuvers in Bosnia scheduled for June 1914. Questioned at trial, Ili gave a confusing explanation of the reason for his trip, first saying he had gone to Brod to prevent the assassination and then saying he had returned to Sarajevo from Brod to prevent the assassination. Serbia published no clarifications of their confessions with regards to the Sarajevo attack. [128] Because Bosnia and Herzegovina had not yet been assigned to Austria or to Hungary, the Austro-Hungarian Finance Minister administered Bosnia and Herzegovina and had responsibility for recommending clemency to the Kaiser. Popovi alleged that he sent Danilo Ili to Belgrade to discuss this matter with Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijevi, known more commonly as Apis. abrinovi inquired of the detective the date of Franz Ferdinand's visit to Sarajevo. The majority of the defendants were charged with conspiracy to commit high treason involving official circles in the Kingdom of Serbia. Princip's weapon, along with the car in which the Archduke was riding, his bloodstained uniform and the chaise longue on which he died, are on permanent display in the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna, Austria. By mistake, however, the first three cars turned onto a side street right where Princip happened to be standing. / CBS News. Walter Rappolt, who lived in Hamburg, explains the competition between Germany and Britain. Mehmedbai, the only Bosnian Muslim among the conspirators, was arrested in Montenegro by local authorities but managed to escape from the Niki prison before his extradition could take place (possibly with help from the gendarmes who were guarding him and were consequently put under arrest).

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